RESUMO
The chronic care model (CCM) uses a systematic approach to restructure health care systems. The aim of this systematic review was to examine studies that evaluated different elements of the CCM in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to assess the influence of the CCM on different clinical outcomes. There view was performed in the Medline and Cochrane Library electronic databases. The search was limited to randomized controlled trials conducted with T2DM patients. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they compared usual care with interventions that use done or more elements of the CCM and assessed the impact on clinical outcomes. After applying the eligibility criteria, 12 studies were included for data extraction. Of these, six showed evidence of effectiveness of the CCM for T2DM management in primary care as well as significant improvements in clinical outcomes. In the other six studies, no improvements regarding clinical outcomes were observed when comparing the intervention and control groups. Some limitations, such as a short follow-up period and a low number of patients, were observed. Some studies showed that the reorganization of health systems can improveT2DM care. However, it is possible that greater benefits could be obtained through combing all 6 elements of CCM.
RESUMO
Este estudo avaliou a morbimortalidade relacionada a medicamentos no Brasil, sua prevalência, grupos farmacológicos e fatores de risco, Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais publicados até agosto de 2012, sem restrição de data de início, nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, Embase, IPA, Science Direct, Scopus e Web of Science, Foram selecionados estudos nacionais avaliando a ocorrência de qualquer tipo de dano ocasionado por medicamento, Foram incluídos 45 estudos, A maior prevalência de evento adverso a medicamento foi observada em hospitais, em adultos e idosos, variando de 15,6% a 34,1%, Nas creches, 19,9% das crianças sofreram alguma reação adversa, Em serviços de emergência, 25% dos adultos ou idosos sofreram dano relacionado à falha terapêutica, Medicamentos atuantes no sistema nervoso central foi o principal grupo farmacológico envolvido, Os principais fatores de risco foram idade, presença de comorbidades e uso de > 5 medicamentos, Os resultados encontrados são alarmantes e demonstram a necessidade da avaliação e estratificação de risco populacional, ações preventivas e de intervenção precoce que possam reduzir o impacto da morbimortalidade relacionada a medicamentos no Brasil...
This study evaluated the drug-related morbidity and mortality in Brazil, its prevalence, the pharmacological groups and risk factors associated. We performed a systematic review of observational studies published up to August 2012, without restriction start date, in the databases Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, EMBASE, IPA, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. Were selected national studies evaluating the occurrence of any damage caused by medications. We included 45 studies. The highest prevalence of adverse drug events was observed in hospitals for adults and elderly, ranging from 15.6% to 34.1%. In nurseries, 19.9% of the children suffered some adverse drug reaction. In emergency departments, 25% of adults and elderly suffered harm related to therapeutic failure. Medications acting on the central nervous system were the main pharmacological group involved. The main risk factors were age, comorbidities and use of more than 5 medications. The results are alarming and demonstrate the need for screening and medication risk stratification in the population, and preventive or early interventions that can reduce the impact of drug-related morbidity and mortality in Brazil...
